Art Madrid'26 – AN INTERVIEW WITH ISABELITA VALDECASAS

Although Isabel began her pictorial trajectory in the world of figurative art, later she began to explore the expressive power of abstraction, with strong plasticity and the use of real materials extracted from the places she was visiting. Her latest series, "Cosmogonías", is an abstract expression of a moment of Genesis, a metaphor of the origin of life that coincides with a moment of change in her career. Today we interview this Sevillian painter and we approach her to know her work in a more personal way.

You studied Art History and soon after you moved to London where you worked at Christie's, could you describe how your experience was there and what are the differences between the British and Spanish markets?

After I studied Art History in Seville, I managed to go to London to continue studying. My hunger to see the museums, the wonderful works of art and everything that was going on was insatiable. I learned a lot not only about art but also about the world that surrounds it: exhibitions, galleries, auctions, market, etc. I realised that in Spain we were very far from the artistic dynamism that was breathed there. There were weekly auctions of a whole artistic period, for example, the week of the Impressionists was terrific, you could see Monet’s, Manet’s, Renoir’s, Van Gogh’s, etc. all together on sale. The same happened with the old painting, the furniture, the jewels... Britains have always had a long tradition of buying and selling works of art of great value; in that, Spaniards go behind.

 

As a result of your experience in London, you started painting. How did you take that step and in what style would you currently place your work?

I already painted a lot before moving to London, although it is true that I did not dedicate myself professionally to it; that came after my return. I needed to work since I did not know where to start living from this. In Madrid, I worked at Christie's for a few years while I was drawing in my spare time and painting furniture by order. The step was not sudden, little by little, I painted more and more, each time I filled more, and each time I needed more to feel good. One day I was offered to make a mural. I had never painted such a large surface before. I jumped without hesitation (with a very short time, what a foolish kamikaze!) And I understood that I would never be completely satisfied with myself if I did not dedicate myself to what I really liked and I was good at. So I began to make murals, I remember it as an exciting, difficult, learning and monumental-back-pain period. Then came the crisis and with it a huge personal crisis... that's when I went from the figurative art to the abstract art, and the Cosmogonies were born. So I cannot define my style, right now I'm doing abstract and very material works, but I start from the classic and figurative, and, in the end, I always go back to basics.

Isabelita Valdecasas

Cosmogonia Corales, 2017

Mixed media on canvas

100 x 100cm

Isabelita Valdecasas

Tríptico cosmogonía, 2018

Mixed technique on canvas

120 x 55cm

Isabelita Valdecasas

Textura lunar, 2018

Mixed technique on canvas

80 x 80cm

In some press statements, you have made it clear that both music and travel are two key elements when painting. Could you explain what your creative process is like and how does the travel and music influence that process?

The creative process is slow; it is not only the moment of execution of the work. In this, trips play an important role, although I could not define precisely which one. I am fascinated by the nature and sensuality of the landscape, and by sensuality, I mean the senses: smell, light, colour, the sound of the wind, the touch of sand or moss, the local product of the land that one eats during a journey. Everything is related to the land that is visited. The painting that comes out after a trip to Germany or Sweden with those greens and grays, those clouds and skies, the smell of cold or grass in summer, the sensation of stillness... has nothing to do with a painting you make after a trip to Cartagena de Indias where everything is colour, noise, humidity and Caribbean joy. I take many elements for my work every time I travel, and sometimes I think they will stop me at a customs office for the amount of local "souvenirs" I bring.

The music is also inspired by the places where it is made. I paint because I do not make music and I'm almost not able to get out of bed without it (I do not know who once told me that I exaggerate, like a good Andalusian). I do everything with music; it's like an engine; it gives me joy and accompanies me in my long hours at the studio. I listen to everything, well, not everything... but almost. It is my great, great hobby.

 

What does art bring to your life?

Art brings a thousand things to my life. On the one hand, it is my job, so it gives me responsibility, challenge and gratification. Art is my concern and, at the same time, it is what comes naturally to me. The art of others, whether plastic or not (literature, music, movies...) is my passion, my intellectual food. But I like more when shared, commented, analysed and discussed with more people; from there, interesting reflections, ideas and sometimes big laughs always come. It is fundamental to laugh seriously.

Isabelita Valdecasas

Textura azul bicolor, 2019

Mixed technique on canvas

90 x 90cm

Isabelita Valdecasas

Textura rojo, 2019

Mixed technique on canvas

80 x 80cm

Natural elements such as sand, moss or rocks are components that can be found in your work. What is the intention of using these materials in your pieces?

The natural elements that I use are both a compositional part of the work and a symbolic part. All this was emerging little by little and unconsciously. On the one hand, they add texture and volume to the work, create reliefs and material bodies; but they are also there with a purpose, they reflect that everything is part of nature, no matter how processed or intervened it is in the hands of man, it comes from the earth and end in it by good or bad, resurfacing, though in the process we end up extinguished by brutes, beasts and self-destructive. I am obsessed with recycling and with the ambiguity or duality of this language, since we are part of that nature that we are destroying, it is us who are going to destroy ourselves since we are a symbiosis, an "everything" in a fragile equilibrium.

Could you talk about the underlying meaning of “Cosmogonías” and how it arose?

“Cosmogonías” emerged little by little and almost by chance as a small Big Bang. Then, they shaped and consolidated in my head and the canvases. On the one hand, there is the idea of ​​the immensity of nature in the face of our insignificance, both towards the boundless infinite and towards the infinitesimal and microscopic. They coincided in time with a change in my life when I started doing abstract works, so they were like a genesis. I needed to give them a name, and that is where the word Cosmogenesis, the origin, comes from. So they can also be interpreted as a new beginning, the gestation of something. They are works inspired by the source of life, the fascination and mystery of creation from the tiniest cell in a microscope and its chemical reactions to the infinite of the cosmos, so similar among them. They are also introspection and a call for attention to the basics, the classic, the natural and the organic in this digitalised, denatured and plastic world.

 

How does an artist of the 21st century keep a little apart from the new digital habits and the imperative of social networks?

New digital habits do not interest me much. I think they are necessary and useful, of course, but they do not particularly attract me. I need contact with the material, with the tangible. There is also an aesthetic and compositional part that I believe should go beyond what is marketing and is fashionable. But there is no doubt that to survive in the 21st century we have to keep up to date with social networks and the digital age... what can I say? It is like the child coming back from school and wants to play, but knows that he must do his homework first.

Isabelita Valdecasas

Textura blanco y negro I, 2019

Mixed technique on canvas

70 x 70cm

Isabelita Valdecasas

Textura círculo rojo, 2019

Mixed technique on canvas

90 x 90cm

Isabelita Valdecasas

Textura blanco y negro II, 2019

Mixed technique on canvas

70 x 70cm

Do you think that concern for the environment is more and more frequent among contemporary creators? What difficulties and innovations have you found to work accordingly to these principles?

Fortunately, there is much more awareness in this generation of caring for the environment, recycling, not polluting etc., and, in fact, this is reflected in current art. It could not be otherwise. Each era must be reflected in its contemporary art. But it is also true that this destructive madness is more aggressive than ever. There is more pollution increasing without measure and it is something that scares me and worries a lot. I will not be hypocritical, I recycle and I try to be as careful as possible, but I cannot stop thinking that it is never enough. In the end, we live in the place and time we live.

Difficulties I have found several, innovations ... I think none! One has to test the materials well to verify that they will be durable or, for example, to have faith that the pigments and other products of Fine Arts sold as "organic" or "ecological" really are so. Another difficulty has been to be doing a work inspired by the Mediterranean Sea with algae and sand collected on the beaches and suddenly I have run out of Posidonia or some other local element, then I have to resort to a charitable soul that will collect materials to send them over... I do not even want to think what the postmen face would be if they have ever opened one of those boxes full of seaweed, weeds, shavings and sand...! Once a friend came carrying 15 kg of Tarifa’s sand for some paintings.

Innovations I do not think so, everything is invented; the question is to make unique pieces with their own style. Time will tell…

 

When, in September 2012, the Spanish government decided to raise cultural VAT from the reduced rate of 8% to the standard rate of 21% (effective 1 September 2012), it was not merely implementing a fiscal adjustment measure in the midst of an economic recession. It was making a strategic decision that placed Spanish culture at a structural disadvantage compared to its European counterparts. The measure affected an industry that generated 503,700 jobs and accounted for 4% of Spain’s GDP, turning the country into one of the few in the eurozone where reduced VAT was not applied to cultural activities.


Paradoxically, that draconian increase of 13 percentage points—affecting cinema, theatre, concerts, and so on—failed to achieve its expected revenue goal; instead, it produced the opposite effect. According to data from the General Society of Authors and Editors (SGAE), the Spanish cultural industry at that time generated 503,700 jobs and represented 4% of GDP. When the Union of Business Associations of the Cultural Industry warned that the measure would result in the loss of 43 million spectators and €530 million in revenue, no one in government appeared to listen.


Iván Quesada. Playing hide and seek. Acrylic on canvas. 146 x 114 cm. 2025. Galería Aurora Vigil - Escalera.


The correction came late and in a fragmented manner. In 2017, theatre and live performances returned to a VAT rate of 10%. In July 2018, cinema joined this reduced rate. But here is where the real anomaly begins: while the audiovisual and performing arts sectors were able to breathe again, the visual arts—understood as the commercial activity carried out by galleries—remained at 21%. And they remain there today, in January 2026.


Spain currently maintains a deeply fragmented and contradictory cultural VAT system. Artists who sell their works directly are taxed at 10%. Galleries that sell those same works may be taxed at 21% under the Special Regime for Used Goods (REBU), although under this regime VAT is calculated on the margin of the transaction rather than on the total price, and not all gallery operations are necessarily covered by it. The result is Kafkaesque: the main channel for the commercialization of contemporary art often bears the highest tax burden in the entire Spanish cultural industry.


Isabel Ruiz. Sin título 4. 2025. Fotografía impresa en dibond. 100 x 160 cm. Nuno Sacramento Arte Contemporânea. Nuno Sacramento Arte Contemporânea.


The data dismantle any argument based on equity. According to the Art Basel report (The Art Basel and UBS Survey of Global Collecting 2025), 95% of art buyers acquire works through galleries, whether via their physical spaces, websites, social media, or fairs. In Spain specifically, gallery sales account for around 76% of the total value of the market. Tax-penalizing the main channel of commercialization is not tax neutrality; it is structural blindness.


The comparison with Europe is devastating. France applies a 5.5% rate to art sales, Germany 7%, Italy 5%, and more recently Portugal has joined with 6%. After Brexit, France accounts for more than 50% of art sales in the European Union and approximately between 6% and 9% of global auction sales, consolidating a dominant position that is no coincidence: it is the direct and expected result of a fiscal policy that understands art as an economic and cultural lever, not as a dispensable luxury good.


The consequences for Spain are tangible and documented. A Spanish museum that wishes to acquire a work by a Spanish artist from a Spanish gallery may be taxed at 21%; if it purchases the same work through a French gallery, in many cases it pays only 5.5%. The paradox is so grotesque that it borders on the Kafkaesque. The Spanish state fiscally penalizes its own cultural institutions for supporting the national market.

At fairs held within Spanish territory, national galleries compete with French, German, or Italian stands that can offer the same artists with a fiscal advantage of up to 16 percentage points. It should be noted, however, that in cross-border purchases within the EU, tax treatment depends on factors such as whether the museum acts as a taxable person with a VAT ID and on the nature of the transaction (domestic supply versus intra-Community supply, etc.), so this comparison serves as an illustrative example rather than a strict fiscal statement. This is not merely about competition; it is, in reality, structural dumping.


Daniel Bum. Self-Portrait II. 2025. Oil and acrylic on linen. 27 x 35 cm. CLC ARTE.


On 5 April 2022, the European Union approved Directive 2022/542, amending Directives 2006/112/EC and 2020/285 concerning the common system of VAT. This regulation explicitly allows Member States to apply reduced rates down to a minimum of 5% to “the supply of works of art, collectors’ items and antiques.” The deadline for its transposition into national legislation was 31 December 2024, with application from 1 January 2025. Spain has not transposed this directive with regard to the art market.


While France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and Belgium have already adopted reduced rates for contemporary art, Spain maintains administrative silence. More than one thousand artists, gallerists, and professionals in the sector—including representatives of Spain at the Venice Biennale and National Fine Arts Award recipients—have signed the manifesto “Spanish Visual Artists Sign for Cultural VAT NOW.”


Thus, the government’s lack of action transcends the legal sphere and becomes a serious problem of economic vision. The Professional Committee of Art Galleries of France noted that a 5.5% rate for all transactions would generate between $40 million and $650 million in additional tax revenue through employment and art sales, whereas a 20% tax could generate losses of between $320 million and $610 million in tax revenue. The experience of countries such as the Netherlands and Portugal, which raised their cultural VAT rates and later reversed course after observing the devastating effects, should serve as a lesson.


Kim Han Ki. Don't forget me. 2024. Oil on canvas. 33.4 x 24.4 cm. Banditrazos Gallery.


FFrance and the effect of an intelligent fiscal policy

The French case dismantles the argument that culture does not generate fiscal returns. After implementing a 5.5% VAT rate for art, France currently accounts for more than 50% of art sales in the European Union and between 6% and 9% of global auctions. This dominant position is undoubtedly the direct result of a fiscal policy that understands art as an economic lever.


The Professional Committee of Art Galleries of France (CPGA) documented that a 5.5% VAT rate generates between $40 million and $650 million in additional tax revenue through employment and commercial activity in the sector, while maintaining rates of 20% produces losses of between $320 million and $610 million in tax revenue due to decreased activity. The data are conclusive: lowering VAT does not reduce revenue; it increases it.


Germany experienced a similar situation. The German Federal Association of Art Galleries and Dealers (BVDG) documented that a 19% VAT rate had stifled the market and caused gallery closures. The reduction to 7% in January 2025 was justified precisely as an economic reactivation measure. Italy, after years of debate, reduced its rate from 22% to 5% in 2025, with the aim -according to Culture Minister Alessandro Giuli- of “putting an end to an anomaly that made us less attractive compared to other European countries.”


Beatriz Castela. Spectrum IX. 2025. Acrylic on table. 80 x 60 x 3.5 cm. Galería Beatriz Pereira.


One of the most frequently repeated arguments for maintaining a 21% VAT rate on art is its perception as a luxury good. This reasoning reveals a profound misunderstanding of how the contemporary art market functions. The Art Basel 2024 report documented a significant shift in collector behavior: transactions under $5,000 grew by 7%, while galleries with sales below $250,000 increased by 17%. The art market is not the exclusive domain of millionaires; that is a stigma that new generations must break. In fact, the art market is an ecosystem increasingly accessed by the middle class through the acquisition of works.


Spain’s fiscal classification treats works of art at the same rate as tobacco, alcoholic beverages, or luxury gyms (21%), while books are taxed at a super-reduced 4%, and cinema and theatre at 10%. What cultural logic justifies taxing a photography book by an artist at 4%, but an original photograph by the same artist at 21%? The answer, however ironic it may seem, does not lie in cultural coherence, but rather in administrative inertia.


Onay Rosquet. Once upon a time there was a world. 2022. Oil on canvas. 100 x 100 cm. Collage Habana,


The consequences: from talent to brain drain

The numbers are stubborn. Spain has not managed to increase its share beyond 1% of the global art market since 2009. Meanwhile, the country has more than 24,000 artists and around 11,000 jobs directly linked to the visual arts ecosystem. This critical mass of talent and professionals is subjected to a fiscal pressure that does not exist in any other Spanish cultural sector or in any other major European art market.


he result is predictable and increasingly visible: talent drain, gallery closures, relocation of operations… and the list could go on. Some gallerists absorb part of the VAT to match prices with foreign competitors; others invoice through companies in other countries for intra-European transactions. These are survival strategies, not competitiveness strategies. The Spanish art market is becoming a second-division market, not due to a lack of artistic quality, which it has in abundance, but because of persistent administrative incompetence. Ultimately, the question is not technical but ideological: does Spain consider the visual arts to be part of its strategic cultural heritage, or does it treat them as an elitist whim?

The answer is in the Official State Gazette (BOE): as long as VAT remains at 21%, the answer is clear.


Alejandro Monge. See you in the streets. 2025. Fiberglass, cement, and pigments. 170 x 85 x 50 cm. 3 Punts Galeria.


Epilogue: a missed opportunity

Spain had until 31 December 2024 to transpose Directive (EU) 2022/542 and fiscally align its art market with Europe. It did not do so. Meetings with the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Finance have been ongoing for two years. Promises are repeated. The BOE remains unchanged. Meanwhile, the transactions that take place, the fairs held at home and abroad, and the artists who (fortunately) find representation with foreign galleries serve as a stark reminder of the cost of institutional inaction for culture.


The sector is not asking for privileges; it is simply demanding fairness. It asks that contemporary art receive the same fiscal treatment as cinema, theatre, or music. It asks that Spain stop penalizing those who build its contemporary cultural heritage.


The question is not whether Spain can afford to lower cultural VAT. French, German, and Italian data show that VAT reductions generate more economic activity and therefore more indirect tax revenue. The question is whether Spain can afford to continue ignoring it. Because at this moment, every percentage point of difference with France, Germany, or Italy is not merely a cold fiscal matter—it is a decision about what kind of cultural country we want to be. And administrative silence is also a decision.


Bibliography for Reference 🙂


Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria) (2022). Council Directive (EU) 2022/542 of 5 April 2022 amending Directives 2006/112/EC and (EU) 2020/285 as regards value added tax rates. Available at: https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/ Official State Gazette (BOE) (2022). Council Directive (EU) 2022/542 of 5 April 2022. Official Journal of the European Union, L 107, 6 April 2022. Available at: https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2022-80541 EUR-Lex (2022). Council Directive (EU) 2022/542 of 5 April 2022. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/542/oj?locale=es Law 37/1992, of 28 December, on Value Added Tax. Official State Gazette. Ministry of Culture and Sport (2024). Culture Satellite Account 2022. Madrid: Ministry of Culture and Sport. ARTEINFORMADO (2025). “Directive 2022/542: New Rules for the Art Market in Europe.” January 2025. Available at: https://www.arteinformado.com/magazine/n/la-directiva-2022542-nuevas-reglas-para-el-mercado-del-arte-en-europa-7402 AVA Castilla y León (2024). “Art VAT in 16 European Union Countries: What Are Their Current and Future Reduced Rates?” Available at: https://www.avacastillayleon.es/ AVA Castilla y León (2025). “A 5% VAT in Italy? Spain’s Comparative Disadvantage with 21% VAT on the Art Market.” Available at: https://www.avacastillayleon.es/ Finestre sull’Arte (2025). “The VAT Revolution in the Italian Art Market: New Perspectives for the Sector.” July 2025. Available at: https://www.finestresullarte.info/es/ elDiario.es (2025). “Spanish Galleries Switch Off ARCO to Demand the Promised Reduction of Cultural VAT.” 5 March 2025. Available at: https://www.eldiario.es/cultura/arte/ EXIBART.es (2025). “Spanish Art Facing the Fiscal Challenge: Galleries Call for Reduced VAT to Compete in Europe.” October 2025. Available at: https://www.exibart.es/mercado/ FACUA (2017). “FACUA Demands That the Government Apply the Same VAT Reduction to Cinema as to Live Performances.” Available at: https://www.facua.org/ Infobae (2025). “Culture Reiterates It Is ‘Fully in Favor’ of Lowering the 21% VAT on Contemporary Art Purchases.” 7 March 2025. Available at: https://www.infobae.com/ ARES – Aragón Escena (2023). “For a Reduced VAT Rate in Culture.” September 2023. Available at: https://www.aresaragonescena.com/ Bonet, Lluís (2014). “Causes and Effects of the Increase in Cultural VAT: A Comparative Analysis.” The Economy Journal, 10 February 2014. Available at: https://www.theeconomyjournal.com/ FUNCAS Blog (2016). “Is It Progressive to Reduce VAT on Cinema, Theatre, or Concerts?” 4 October 2016. Available at: https://blog.funcas.es/ INEAF Tribuna (2018). “Impact of the Increase in ‘Cultural VAT.’” 27 August 2018. Available at: https://www.ineaf.es/tribuna/ Consortium of Contemporary Art Galleries. Institutional statements and the manifesto “Spanish Visual Artists Sign for Cultural VAT NOW” (2024–2025). Institute of Contemporary Art (IAC). Mateu de Ros, Rafael. “The Controversial VAT on Art.” Available at: https://www.iac.org.es/ The Art Basel and UBS Survey of Global Collecting 2025. Available at: https://www.ubs.com/global/en/our-firm/art/art-market-research.html/ “The Spanish Art Market Contracts to 2014 Levels Due to the Pandemic.” Available at: https://www.elindependiente.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/NdP-Informe-Mercado-Arte-Espan%CC%83a-2021-OS-la-Caixa-CAST.pdf


The cited sources are verifiable and publicly accessible. Figures on VAT rates in European countries have been verified with official EU sources and national tax agencies. Percentages and economic data come from published sector studies or documented institutional statements in the media.